Category: General interests

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Wind Turbines.

Many of the largest operational onshore wind farms are located in China, India, and the United States. For example, the largest wind farm in the world, Gansu Wind Farm in China had a capacity of over 6,000 MW by 2012,[2] with a goal of 20,000 MW[3]by 2020.[4] As of December 2020, the 1218 MW Hornsea Wind Farm in the UK is the largest offshore wind farm in the world.[5] Individual wind turbine designs continue to increase in power, resulting in fewer turbines being needed for the same total output.

Because they require no fuel, wind farms have less impact on the environment than many other forms of power generation. Wind farms have, however, been criticised for their visual impact and impact on the landscape. Typically they need to be spread over more land than other power stations and need to be built in wild and rural areas, which can lead to “industrialization of the countryside”, habitat loss, and a drop in tourism. Some critics claim that wind farms have adverse health effects, but most researchers consider these claims to be pseudoscience (see wind turbine syndrome). Wind farms can interfere with radar, although in most cases, according to the US Department of Energy, “siting and other mitigations have resolved conflicts and allowed wind projects to co-exist effectively with radar.

The Old Deep Disco In Whitley Bay.

This is where the old Deep Disco use to be in Whitley Bay. It’s the old Deep Disco night club I use to go to years ago eight years ago and nine years when I was twenty five twenty six years old when I was in my mid twenties when I was younger in 2012 / 2013. But the last time I was they before The Deep Disco moved to Wallsend was January 2014 when I was twenty seven and it was just before it moved to Wallsend. As you can see the building is still getting some work done to it.

With the Train Sim World 2 Harlem Line coming soon, we take a further look at this remarkable and bustling Metro-North route.

The Harlem Line: It is one of Metro-North Commuter Railroad’s interlinked “Big Three” routes. Along with MNCR’s Hudson and New Haven Lines, the Harlem Line serves the pulsing urban areas north and east of New York City. Second only to the New Haven Line, the Harlem Line is Metro-North’s busiest commuter artery, alive with the hustle and bustle of Big Apple railroading!

And soon, the Harlem Line: Grand Central Terminal – North White Plains route is coming to Train Sim World 2, so let’s take a closer look at this busy and historic commuter railroad line.

The route:

As created for Train Sim World 2, the upcoming Harlem Line: Grand Central Terminal – North White Plains route extends from New York City to North White Plains, New York. The line begins at the bumper posts of legendary Grand Central Terminal (located at 42nd Street in Manhattan), then passes through the Park Avenue Tunnel until, at 97th Street, it bursts into the open air and rides atop the Park Avenue Viaduct to Harlem 125th Street Station.

Once past 125th Street, the route crosses the towering “DB” moveable bridge over the Harlem River to reach Mott Haven (milepost 5.4) in the Bronx. Between GCT and Mott Haven, Metro-North’s busy Hudson, Harlem, and New Haven lines all share common trackage. Then, at Mott Haven, the MNCR Hudson Line diverges (the upcoming Train Sim World 2 route will also include a short stretch of the Hudson Line extending to Yankees 153rd Street Station). Running largely in open air but below the surrounding street level, the four-track route extends through the Bronx with station stops such as noted Botanical Gardens (home to the famed Bronx Zoo). At Woodlawn Junction (milepost 11.8), the Metro-North Harlem and New Haven lines separate, and the Harlem Line begins a journey, much of it along the Bronx River, through a patchwork of urban and suburban territory to White Plains (milepost 22.4) and North White Plains (milepost 23.9), the latter of which is host to a large staging yard.

Electrified throughout via third-rail D. C. power, the multi-track Harlem Line: Grand Central Terminal – North White Plains route will include 18 stations, of which Grand Central Terminal, Harlem 125th Street, and White Plains are the busiest, and the line will offer a captivating and challenging mix of express, semi-express, and local commuter runs that are brought alive in five scenarios and more than 260 timetables services.

The Equipment:

The upcoming Train Sim World 2 Harlem Line: Grand Central Terminal – North White Plains will feature two generations of notable Metro-North electric-multiple-unit (EMU) trains, the venerable Budd-constructed M3A and modern Bombardier-built M7A.

Metro-North’s Harlem and Hudson Lines were long owned and operated by the great New York Central. During the NYC (and later, Penn Central) years, the Harlem Line was host to NYC’s own EMUs, the last of which were the railroad’s Pullman-Standard 85-foot-long 4600- and 4700-series cars which arrived in the early- to mid-1960s and then served into the Metro North era. In assuming control of the line, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) and later Metro-North inherited the challenges of replacing the aging ex-NYC equipment. That process began in 1968 with the purchase from the Budd Company of 770 EMUs for use on the Long Island Railroad, which was followed in 1971 with a purchase of 178 similar M1A cars for use on the Harlem and Hudson lines of what is today Metro-North. In the early 1980s, more new equipment acquisitions followed, including the M3 for LIRR and M3A for Metro-North. The M3As were quite similar to the earlier M1As, and MNCR received 142 8000-series, silver-and-blue-clad M3As in 1984-85. The M3A were constructed in married pairs and train lengths on the Harlem Line are typically up to eight cars in length. While the M3As will eventually be replaced by MNCR’s newest M9 cars, the veteran M3As are expected to remain in service for some time.

Today’s workhorse EMU on the Harlem Line is the flat-faced Bombardier-built M7A. Like its predecessors, the M7A is a kindred spirit to Long Island Rail Road equipment, in this case the LIRR M7. Long Island M7s began arriving in 2002 and M7As made their appearance on Metro-North in 2004. Eighty-five feet in length and with a capacity of up to 110 passengers per car, the M7As are equipped with 265-horsepower traction motors on each axle of their four axles. A total of 336 M7As entered MNCR service by 2006. Also configured in married pairs and authorized for 80 mph operations on MNCR, the M7As serve both the Harlem and Hudson lines.

With a masterfully created and highly detailed route and two generations of EMUs which will offer authentic controls and realistic operating characteristics, together with a bevy of timetabled services and scenarios, the upcoming Train Sim World 2 Harlem Line: Grand Central Terminal – North White Plains route will deliver the full and varied experiences of American commuter railroading around the “Big Apple” – and it’s coming soon to Train Sim World 2!

By Simon Schofield